Okay, I am talking about processors, such as for Computers. They contain millions if not billions of transistors which can either have a value of 1 or 0 to process data. What I want to know is how energy going in, changes the transistors value to either open (0) or closed (1) and leaves.
That is all I would like to know
Thanks
Ply.
Well, to start off, you seem a little mistaken about what a transistor is. A transistor is essentially a sort of switch that has three inputs, and one output. Basically, there is an input voltage, and an input that, when applied allows voltage to flow from this input to the output. In theory, just about any device that can be used to switch current flow on and off could form a computer. It would be possible to build a computer that operates entirely based upon robotic arms and light switches (though this would be mindblowingly slow). Likewise, vacuum tubes, and relays, other types of switches have been used in the past to form computers before we had the technology to form transistors reliably.
It is networks of these transistors that allow data to be processed, these networks, when given a certain combination of input, will flip certain switches such that there is a certain output based upon that input. The next level of abstraction up, based upon these transistors, is a logic gate. A logic gate is a circuit that takes two inputs and has one output depending upon what those inputs are. There is a sort of logic gate for every combination of outputs and inputs, and these can be used to do things like add single binary digits.
Let's say, for example, we have two inputs, and we want to add them. Well, we know to carry the result over to the next highest digit if, and only if, both these inputs are on. So we use an AND gate, which will output 1 if it receives 2 1's as input. Likewise, for the result of the digit itself, we want to output 1 if one of the two inputs is a 1, but not both. For this, we would use an exclusive or gate.
Wider networks of these logic gates allow computers to do the various computations they do, as well as temporarily store some data to operate on.